17 HMR vs 22 WMR: A Comprehensive Rimfire Cartridge Comparison
The world of rimfire cartridges offers a wide array of options for shooters, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Two of the most popular choices are the .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (17 HMR) and the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (22 WMR). Both cartridges are known for their accuracy and versatility, but they differ significantly in their ballistics, effective range, and applications. This article provides a detailed comparison of the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR, helping you determine which cartridge is best suited for your needs.
Historical Background
Before diving into the specifics, understanding the history of these cartridges provides valuable context.
The Genesis of 22 WMR
The .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (22 WMR), often called the .22 Magnum, was introduced by Winchester in 1959. It was designed as a more powerful alternative to the .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR), offering higher velocities and flatter trajectories. The 22 WMR quickly gained popularity among hunters and target shooters who needed more range and stopping power than the .22 LR could provide. The 22 WMR remains a versatile cartridge suitable for varmint hunting and small game.
The Rise of 17 HMR
The .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (17 HMR) is a more recent addition to the rimfire family, developed by Hornady in 2002. It’s based on a necked-down .22 WMR case, firing a .17 caliber bullet. The 17 HMR was designed to offer a flatter trajectory and higher velocity than the 22 WMR, making it particularly effective for long-range varmint hunting. Its accuracy and minimal recoil have also made it a favorite among target shooters. The 17 HMR cartridge quickly gained a following due to its impressive ballistics.
Ballistics and Performance
The key differences between the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR lie in their ballistic performance. Let’s examine the critical factors.
Velocity and Trajectory
One of the most significant differences between the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR is their velocity. The 17 HMR generally boasts higher velocities, often exceeding 2,500 feet per second (fps) with lighter bullets. This high velocity translates to a flatter trajectory, meaning the bullet drops less over distance. A flatter trajectory makes it easier to hit targets at longer ranges, as less holdover is required. The 22 WMR, while still faster than the .22 LR, typically has velocities in the range of 1,800 to 2,000 fps, depending on the bullet weight. This results in a more curved trajectory compared to the 17 HMR. The higher velocity of the 17 HMR gives it an edge in terms of trajectory.
Energy and Stopping Power
While the 17 HMR has a higher velocity, the 22 WMR generally delivers more energy to the target. The heavier bullets used in the 22 WMR, typically around 40 grains, retain more energy downrange than the lighter bullets used in the 17 HMR, which are typically 17 or 20 grains. This means the 22 WMR tends to have more stopping power, making it a better choice for larger varmints or situations where a quick, clean kill is essential. The 17 HMR, with its lighter bullets, is still effective on smaller targets, but its energy transfer is less significant.
Accuracy
Both the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR are known for their accuracy, but the 17 HMR often has a slight edge. The combination of high velocity and a small, aerodynamic bullet contributes to its consistent performance. Many shooters report excellent accuracy with the 17 HMR at ranges out to 100 yards or more. The 22 WMR is also accurate, but its heavier bullet and lower velocity can make it more susceptible to wind drift, especially at longer ranges. In ideal conditions, the 17 HMR tends to be slightly more accurate, but the difference is often minimal for experienced shooters.
Wind Drift
Wind drift is a crucial consideration for long-range shooting. The lighter, faster bullet of the 17 HMR is less affected by wind drift than the heavier, slower bullet of the 22 WMR. This means that in windy conditions, the 17 HMR will generally maintain its trajectory better, making it easier to hit targets accurately. The 22 WMR, with its higher ballistic coefficient, is more susceptible to wind drift, requiring shooters to make more significant adjustments to compensate. For shooting in open areas with unpredictable winds, the 17 HMR offers a distinct advantage. Understanding wind drift is crucial when comparing the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR.
Practical Applications
The best cartridge for you depends largely on your intended use. Let’s consider some common scenarios.
Varmint Hunting
Both the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR are popular choices for varmint hunting, but they excel in different situations. The 17 HMR is particularly well-suited for smaller varmints like prairie dogs, ground squirrels, and rabbits. Its flat trajectory and high accuracy make it easy to hit these small targets at longer ranges. The 22 WMR, with its greater energy, is a better choice for larger varmints like coyotes, foxes, and raccoons. Its increased stopping power ensures a quicker, more humane kill. When choosing between the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR for varmint hunting, consider the size and toughness of the target animals.
Small Game Hunting
For small game hunting, such as squirrels and rabbits, the 22 WMR is often preferred due to its greater energy and stopping power. While the 17 HMR can be used, its high velocity can sometimes cause excessive damage to the meat, especially at close ranges. The 22 WMR provides a better balance of accuracy and stopping power without causing undue damage. However, shot placement is critical with both cartridges to avoid wasting meat. Many hunters appreciate the versatility of the 22 WMR for small game.
Target Shooting
Both the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR are excellent choices for target shooting. The 17 HMR is often favored for its exceptional accuracy and flat trajectory, making it ideal for shooting at longer ranges. Its minimal recoil also makes it easier to shoot accurately, especially for extended periods. The 22 WMR is also accurate and provides a slightly different shooting experience with its heavier bullet and increased recoil. The choice between the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR for target shooting often comes down to personal preference and the specific type of target shooting being done.
Cost and Availability
Another critical factor to consider is the cost and availability of ammunition.
Ammunition Cost
Generally, 17 HMR ammunition tends to be slightly more expensive than 22 WMR ammunition. This is due to the more complex manufacturing process required to produce the 17 HMR cartridge. However, prices can fluctuate depending on the brand, bullet type, and availability. It’s essential to compare prices from different retailers to find the best deals. While the difference in cost may not be significant for casual shooters, it can add up for those who shoot frequently. The cost difference between 17 HMR vs 22 WMR should be factored into your decision.
Ammunition Availability
Both the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR are widely available, but availability can vary depending on your location and current market conditions. During periods of high demand, it may be more challenging to find specific types of ammunition. However, both cartridges are generally well-stocked at most sporting goods stores and online retailers. It’s always a good idea to stock up on ammunition when it’s readily available to ensure you have an adequate supply for your shooting needs. The consistent availability of both 17 HMR vs 22 WMR makes them reliable choices for shooters.
Firearm Options
Both the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR are available in a variety of firearms, including rifles and handguns.
Rifles
Rifles chambered in 17 HMR and 22 WMR are widely available from various manufacturers. These rifles are often bolt-action or semi-automatic and are designed for accuracy and reliability. Some popular models include the Savage A17 (17 HMR) and the Marlin XT-22M (22 WMR). When choosing a rifle, consider factors such as weight, trigger pull, and overall ergonomics to find a model that suits your shooting style. The availability of diverse rifle options for both 17 HMR vs 22 WMR makes it easy to find a suitable firearm.
Handguns
Handguns chambered in 22 WMR are more common than those chambered in 17 HMR. The 22 WMR offers a good balance of power and manageable recoil in a handgun platform. Some popular models include the Smith & Wesson Model 351 and the Ruger Single-Six. Handguns chambered in 17 HMR are less common but can be found from manufacturers like Magnum Research. When choosing a handgun, consider factors such as size, weight, and grip to ensure a comfortable and accurate shooting experience. The handgun options available for 17 HMR vs 22 WMR cater to different preferences and needs.
Recoil Comparison
Recoil is an important factor, especially for new or recoil-sensitive shooters.
Recoil Characteristics
Both the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR have relatively low recoil compared to centerfire cartridges, but there are subtle differences. The 17 HMR generally has slightly less recoil than the 22 WMR due to its lighter bullet weight. This makes it easier to shoot accurately, especially for extended periods. The 22 WMR has a bit more noticeable recoil, but it is still very manageable for most shooters. Recoil sensitivity is subjective, so it’s essential to consider your personal preferences when choosing between the two cartridges. The manageable recoil of both 17 HMR vs 22 WMR makes them suitable for a wide range of shooters.
Which is Right for You?
Choosing between the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR depends on your specific needs and priorities. If you prioritize a flat trajectory, high accuracy, and minimal wind drift for smaller varmints, the 17 HMR is an excellent choice. If you need more stopping power for larger varmints or small game, the 22 WMR is a better option. Consider the size of your target, the range at which you’ll be shooting, and your personal preferences when making your decision. Both cartridges offer unique advantages and can be valuable tools for hunters and target shooters alike. Ultimately, the best way to decide between the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR is to try both and see which one you prefer.
[See also: .22 LR vs .22 WMR: A Detailed Comparison]
[See also: Best Rimfire Rifles for Accuracy]
